Political Maturation and the Creation of Symbols of Authority
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Slant-Rimmed Mirror with Two Deities and Two Beasts
Found at the Samita Takarazuka Tumulus, Nara, Kofun period, 4th–5th century (Created in China, 2nd–3rd century) (Important Cultural Property)UpcomingJapanese Archaeology and Special Exhibition (Heiseikan) Japanese Archaeology Gallery
April 8, 2026 (Wed) - November 29, 2026 (Sun)Around the end of the Yayoi period in the first half of the 3rd century, large burial mounds with regionally-distinct shapes began to appear in various areas from Kanto to Kyushu. Villages in Japan were changing to states, with some gaining the power to unify others. A Chinese historical document even noted that in 239 and 240, Queen Himiko, the ruler of Japan’s Yamatai Kingdom, sent envoys to the Wei dynasty.
During the latter half of the 3rd century, keyhole-shaped burial mounds of unprecedented size and construction began to appear in the Kinai region, with the largest concentration in the Nara basin. Objects symbolizing political authority, such as bronze mirrors and ornaments, accompanied those buried inside. These developments show that politics in Japan had matured under the new Yamato Kingdom, which was even more powerful than Yamatai. These burial mounds were constructed on a wide scale until the 7th century, giving this era the name Kofun (ancient burial mound) period.
The pottery of the Kofun period was haji earthenware. Unlike earlier Yayoi pottery, it was uniform in design and did not feature regionally-distinct decorative patterns. This section explores the beginning of the Kofun period through haji pottery and bronze mirrors that were brought from China and placed in burial mounds.
| Designation | Name | Creation/ Excavation/ Provenance |
Period | Acquisition/ Ownership/ Accession Number |
CMT | ||
| Highlight | Important Cultural Property | Slant-Rimmed Mirror with Two Deities and Two Beasts | Found at the Samita Takarazuka Tumulus, Nara | Kofun period, 4th–5th century (Created in China, 2nd–3rd century) | J-179 | ||
| Highlight | Double-Rimmed Jar | Found at the Funahashi Site, Osaka | Kofun period, 3rd–4th century | Gift of Mr. Tamura Atsumasa, J-38899-1 | |||
| Highlight | Footed Stand | Found at the site of a former airfield in Honjō City, Saitama | Kofun period, 4th century | J-38302 | |||
| Highlight | Small Vessel with a Round Base | Found at the Funahashi Site, Osaka | Kofun period, 3rd–4th century | J-38857-3 |