Series Historical Collection: Speaking to the Future - Natural History Albums - The Development of Natural History Study in Japan

A precursor to natural history study in Japan was the study of Chinese plants, minerals, and animals for medicinal use, however, in the Kyoho era (1761-35) full-scale research in the field flourished when the Tokugawa government commissioned a wide-reaching survey of the country's natural products. The study was given further impetus by the spread of Western natural history knowledge among Japanese naturalists as a result of the introduction of Rangaku ("Dutch Studies"), and more specifically thorough the work of Swedish naturalist Thunberg (1743-1828) and German physician von Siebold (1796- 1866), who both visited Japan in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Developments in natural history study led to the production of illustrated catalogues or albums, incorporating a variety of information about specimens, such as names, provenances, and even how samples tasted. Illustrations in the albums were based on careful scientific observations, and as naturalists often exchanged information, some were very similar. Books documenting the production of natural history albums do not exist, however there are materials which reveal the compilation process. These include research notes and draft drawings including corrections by naturalists, and lists of animals and plants.

This display features various natural history books and albums, ranging from Chinese books of herbs to natural history albums compiled by the Museum Bureau (present Tokyo National Museum) during the Meiji period (1868-1912) to show the development of natural history study in Japan.

Additionally, an image database of natural history albums from the museum's collection is accessible to the public and can be found in the information archive section of the museum's home page, and the Education Center in the Hyokeikan is offering educational programs in conjunction with this display, including a workshop to experience creating your own natural history album.