Political Maturation and the Creation of Symbols of Authority
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Jar with Double-lipped Mouth, Haji earthenware, Excavated at Shonai Site, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, Kofun period, 3rd century (Gift of Mr. Hashimoto Sotaro)
Japanese Archaeology and Special Exhibition (Heiseikan) Japanese Archaeology Gallery
November 25, 2020 (Wed) - June 6, 2021 (Sun)Around the end of the Yayoi period in the first half of the 3rd century, large burial mounds with regionally-distinct shapes began to appear in various areas from Kanto to Kyushu. Villages in Japan were changing to states, with some gaining the power to unify others. A Chinese historical document even noted that in 239 and 240, Queen Himiko, the ruler of Japan’s Yamatai Kingdom, sent envoys to the Wei dynasty.
During the latter half of the 3rd century, keyhole-shaped burial mounds of unprecedented size and construction began to appear in the Kinai region, with the largest concentration in the Nara basin. Objects symbolizing political authority, such as bronze mirrors and ornaments, accompanied those buried inside. These developments show that politics in Japan had matured under the new Yamato Kingdom, which was even more powerful than Yamatai. These burial mounds were constructed on a wide scale until the 7th century, giving this era the name Kofun (ancient burial mound) period.
The pottery of the Kofun period was haji earthenware. Unlike earlier Yayoi pottery, it was uniform in design and did not feature regionally-distinct decorative patterns. This section explores the beginning of the Kofun period through haji pottery and bronze mirrors that were brought from China and placed in burial mounds.
| Designation | Name | Creation/ Excavation/ Provenance |
Period | Acquisition/ Ownership/ Accession Number |
CMT | ||
| Highlight | Important Cultural Property | Mirror with Semi-triangular Rim, Design of Two Divinities and Two Animals | From Samidatakarazuka Tumulus, Kawai-cho, Nara | Kofun period, 4th-5th century | J-179 | ||
| Highlight | Jar with Double-rimmed Mouth, "Haji" earthenware | Excavated at Shonai Site, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka | Kofun period, 3rd century | Gift of Mr. Hashimoto Sotaro J-23884 | |||
| Highlight | Mirror; Triangular rim with divinity, beast, chariot, and horse design | Excavated from Oiwayama Tumulus, Koshinohara, Yasu-shi, Shiga | Kofun period, 4th-5th century | Gift of Mr. Sawa Tomonoshin and Mr. Kobayashi Kuichi J-9306 | |||
| Highlight | Important Cultural Property | Mirror with Triangular Rim, Design of Dragon and Tiger | Found at Izumikoganezuka Tumulus, Osaka | Kofun period, 4th-5th century | J-36931-23 |